{"id":242,"date":"2015-03-03T16:02:06","date_gmt":"2015-03-03T13:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pasteur.mg\/?p=242"},"modified":"2025-07-02T14:45:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T11:45:07","slug":"bronchiolite-aigue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pasteur.mg\/en\/bronchiolite-aigue\/","title":{"rendered":"Recrudescence des cas d\u2019infections respiratoires aigu\u00ebs dans les h\u00f4pitaux d\u2019Antananarivo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Au d\u00e9but du mois de mars, le Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 a fait appel au Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la Grippe de l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Madagascar pour identifier la cause de la recrudescence des cas d\u2019infections respiratoires aigu\u00ebs hospitalis\u00e9es notamment \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4pital Universitaire M\u00e8re- Enfants Tsaralalana (HUMET). L\u2019investigation a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que cette recrudescence \u00e9tait en partie due \u00e0 la circulation dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Virus Respiratoire Syncytial (VRS)<\/strong>, ainsi que du m\u00e9tapneumovirus humain (hMPV)<\/strong>. Ces deux virus sont les causes principales des cas de bronchiolite chez l\u2019enfant. Ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019HUMET, sur les 21 enfants test\u00e9es, ces deux virus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s dans 67% des cas hospitalis\u00e9s avec (VRS=52%\u00a0 et hMPV=19%).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Il est recommand\u00e9 aux familles d\u2019\u00e9viter les contacts trop \u00e9troits entre une personne malade et un jeune enfant (photos d\u2019archives).<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie r\u00e9currente, mais pas majeure\u00a0\u00bb<\/h3>\n

\"Dr<\/a>Le responsable du Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la Grippe, Dr Jean-Michel Heraud, qui a men\u00e9 cette investigation, tient \u00e0 souligner que cette recrudescence des cas de bronchiolite telles que rapport\u00e9e dans la presse ne signifie pas qu\u2019Antananarivo connaisse une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie majeure. En effet, les virus respiratoires et notamment le VRS circulent chaque ann\u00e9e \u00e0 Madagascar avec plus ou moins d\u2019intensit\u00e9 provoquant ce que les sp\u00e9cialistes appellent des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies r\u00e9currentes ou saisonni\u00e8res. Les conditions socio-\u00e9conomiques actuelles aggrav\u00e9es par des \u00e9v\u00e8nements climatiques telles les inondations ont pu conduire certaines familles \u00e0 vivre dans des conditions sanitaires et de promiscuit\u00e9 favorisant la circulation de virus respiratoires et augmentant les risques d\u2019aggravation et donc d\u2019hospitalisations. La recrudescence actuelle n\u2019est donc pas exceptionnelle. Il est cependant important de maintenir des r\u00e8gles d\u2019hygi\u00e8nes de base pour \u00e9viter la transmission de ces virus chez les jeunes enfants plus \u00e0 risque de faire des formes graves de la maladie.<\/p>\n

Pour \u00e9viter la transmission de ces virus, il est recommand\u00e9 aux familles de se laver r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les mains, d\u2019\u00e9viter les contacts trop \u00e9troits entre une personne malade et un jeune enfant et de ne pas envoyer un enfant fi\u00e9vreux, avec ou sans toux, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole. Il n\u2019existe pas de traitement sp\u00e9cifique contre ces deux virus mais les sympt\u00f4mes et notamment la fi\u00e8vre, doivent \u00eatre trait\u00e9s. A cause des risques d\u2019aggravation et d\u2019infections secondaires par des bact\u00e9ries, il faut toujours consulter un m\u00e9decin en cas de fi\u00e8vre durant plus de 24 heures et \u00e9viter l\u2019autom\u00e9dication par des antibiotiques qui peuvent \u00eatre inadapt\u00e9s voire qui peuvent aggraver la maladie.<\/p>\n

A propos des virus VRS et hMPV<\/h3>\n

Le VRS est l\u2019un des principaux virus responsable d\u2019 infections respiratoires aigu\u00ebs n\u00e9cessitant une hospitalisation chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans. L\u2019incidence du VRS est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e parmi les enfants de moins de 1 an. Sur le plan communautaire, nous avons trouv\u00e9 lors d\u2019\u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes que le VRS est associ\u00e9 aux infections pseudo-grippales dans plus de 20% des cas [1].<\/p>\n

Le VRS est aussi une cause non n\u00e9gligeable de d\u00e9c\u00e8s chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans. A l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 estim\u00e9 que ce virus est responsable de 33,8 millions d\u2019infections respiratoires s\u00e9v\u00e8res chez les enfants dont 96% des cas survenant dans les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement. On estime aussi le nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s annuel chez les jeunes enfants entre 53\u00a0000 et 199\u00a0000 [2].<\/p>\n

Le m\u00e9tapneumovirus (hMPV) constitue la deuxi\u00e8me cause de bronchiolite apr\u00e8s le VRS. S\u2019agissant d\u2019un virus tr\u00e8s proche du VRS, les sympt\u00f4mes cliniques ne sont pas diff\u00e9renciables de ceux du VRS. Comme pour le VRS, le hMPV infecte surtout les enfants de bas \u00e2ges avec un \u00e2ge moyen autour de 32 mois. Chez les enfants hospitalis\u00e9s, la pr\u00e9valence de l\u2019infection \u00e0 hMPV est de l\u2019ordre de 2,3 \u00e0 17.5% suivant les \u00e9tudes [3].<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au d\u00e9but du mois de mars, le Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 a fait appel au Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la Grippe de l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Madagascar pour identifier la cause de la recrudescence des cas d\u2019infections respiratoires aigu\u00ebs hospitalis\u00e9es notamment \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4pital Universitaire M\u00e8re- Enfants Tsaralalana (HUMET). L\u2019investigation a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que cette recrudescence \u00e9tait […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[750,627],"tags":[184],"class_list":["post-242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vulgarisation-scientifique","category-virus-respiratoires","tag-infections-respiratoires"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRecrudescence des cas d\u2019infections respiratoires aigu\u00ebs dans les h\u00f4pitaux d\u2019Antananarivo - Institut 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