{"id":9577,"date":"2021-05-16T14:57:37","date_gmt":"2021-05-16T11:57:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pasteur.mg\/?p=9577"},"modified":"2025-11-10T12:18:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T09:18:36","slug":"heterogeneite-spatiale-des-facteurs-de-risque-de-contracter-le-paludisme-a-madagascar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pasteur.mg\/en\/heterogeneite-spatiale-des-facteurs-de-risque-de-contracter-le-paludisme-a-madagascar\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 spatiale des facteurs de risque de contracter le paludisme \u00e0 Madagascar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le paludisme est une maladie infectieuse qui est transmise \u00e0 l\u2019homme par les piq\u00fbres de moustiques anoph\u00e8les femelles, infect\u00e9es par les parasites du genre Plasmodium<\/em>. Le paludisme demeure un probl\u00e8me majeur de sant\u00e9 publique \u00e0 Madagascar. En effet, malgr\u00e9 les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du territoire, impliquant notamment l\u2019utilisation de moustiquaires impr\u00e9gn\u00e9es d\u2019insecticides \u00e0 longue dur\u00e9e (MILDs) et la pulv\u00e9risation intra-domiciliaire d\u2019insecticides, la morbidit\u00e9 et la mortalit\u00e9 dues au paludisme restent en augmentation ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS) estime que la majorit\u00e9 de la population malgache est \u00e0 risque de contracter le paludisme.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

La transmission du paludisme est h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne sur la grande \u00eele. Divers facteurs \u00e9cologiques et climatiques, des facteurs d\u00e9mographiques ainsi que des facteurs socio-\u00e9conomiques influencent cette transmission. Dans une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente, publi\u00e9e dans la revue scientifique Malaria Journal<\/em>1<\/sup>, des chercheurs malgaches et am\u00e9ricains ont analys\u00e9 le lien entre ces diff\u00e9rents facteurs et la survenue de cas de paludisme dans quatre r\u00e9gions, pr\u00e9sentant diff\u00e9rents profils de transmission de la maladie \u00e0 Madagascar\u00a0: une r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 la transmission est p\u00e9renne (Sud-est), deux r\u00e9gions caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par une transmission plut\u00f4t saisonni\u00e8re (Sud-ouest et C\u00f4te ouest) et une r\u00e9gion des hauts plateaux de Madagascar o\u00f9 la transmission est \u00e9pisodique. Cette \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 le fruit d\u2019une collaboration entre l\u2019Unit\u00e9 d\u2019entomologie m\u00e9dicale de l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (IPM), l\u2019organisation Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (MAHERY) et la Harvard T.H. School of Public Health, aux Etats-Unis.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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    En associant les donn\u00e9es entomologiques aux donn\u00e9es d\u00e9mographiques et socio-\u00e9conomiques collect\u00e9es dans 24 localit\u00e9s en 2017, les chercheurs ont montr\u00e9 que les facteurs de risque associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la survenue du paludisme varient largement dans les r\u00e9gions \u00e9tudi\u00e9es. Ils ont montr\u00e9 par exemple que la pr\u00e9sence de larves d\u2019anoph\u00e8les \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des zones d\u2019habitations augmentait le risque d\u2019infection par les parasites du paludisme dans les r\u00e9gions du Sud-est et du Sud-ouest de Madagascar, mais pas dans la r\u00e9gion ouest. La diff\u00e9rence pourrait \u00eatre due aux pratiques agricoles diff\u00e9rentes dans ces r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Le Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme pr\u00e9conise d\u2019adapter les mesures de lutte aux divers faci\u00e8s \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques rencontr\u00e9s \u00e0 Madagascar. Cette \u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la mise en \u0153uvre de strat\u00e9gies de pr\u00e9vention et de lutte antivectorielle sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 chaque r\u00e9gion, telles que par exemple l\u2019utilisation de larvicides dans les r\u00e9gions du Sud-est et Sud-ouest ou bien le renforcement de la distribution de moustiquaires impr\u00e9gn\u00e9es d\u2019insecticides dans la r\u00e9gion ouest, pourraient contribuer \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la lutte antipaludique.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    1<\/sup><\/strong>Variation in Anopheles distribution and predictors of malaria infection risk across regions of Madagascar. <\/strong>Arisco NJ, Rice BL, Tantely LM, Girod R, Emile GN, Randriamady HJ, Castro MC, Golden CD. Malar J.<\/em> 2020 Sep 29;19(1):348. doi: 10.1186\/s12936-020-03423-1<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Le paludisme est une maladie infectieuse qui est transmise \u00e0 l\u2019homme par les piq\u00fbres de moustiques anoph\u00e8les femelles, infect\u00e9es par les parasites du genre Plasmodium. Le paludisme demeure un probl\u00e8me majeur de sant\u00e9 publique \u00e0 Madagascar. En effet, malgr\u00e9 les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du territoire, impliquant notamment l\u2019utilisation de moustiquaires impr\u00e9gn\u00e9es d\u2019insecticides \u00e0 longue […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[617,750],"tags":[117],"class_list":["post-9577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paludisme","category-vulgarisation-scientifique","tag-paludisme"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nH\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 spatiale des facteurs de risque de contracter le paludisme \u00e0 Madagascar - Institut Pasteur de Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le paludisme est une 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